, while cross-country studies point mostly to a positive relationship between competition and stability in the banking system …. Where liberalization and unfettered competition have resulted in fragility, this has been mostly the consequence of … regulatory and supervisory failures. The advantages of competition for an efficient and inclusive financial system are strong …

removing barriers to bank entry on bank competition and economic growth. As governments were not concerned about systemic … stability in this period, we are able to isolate the effects of bank competition from those of state implicit guarantees. We … states that retained state bank chartering policies. We argue that the fiercer bank competition following the introduction of …