In our framed laboratory experiment, two Public Officials, A and B, make consecutive decisions regarding embezzlement … with deterrence and one without. We find a peer effect in embezzlement in that facing an honest Official A reduces … embezzlement by Official B. Likewise, deterrence matters in that higher detection probabilities significantly decrease embezzlement …

This paper provides a comprehensive discussion of the deterrence properties of a competition policy regime. On the … deterrence: 1) sanctions and damages; 2) financial and human resources; 3) powers during the investigation; 4) quality of the law …; 5) independence; and 6) separation of power. We then discuss how to measure deterrence. We review the literature that …

, Competition Policy Indexes, or CPIs. The CPIs measure the deterrence properties of a competition policy in a jurisdiction, where …

settlement amount, yet at the price of reduced deterrence for those wrongdoers who are actually fined. Under a leniency program … fine reduction on deterrence is, therefore, negative. …

We conducted an experiment with 182 inmates from a maximum security prison to analyze the impact of criminal identity … salience on cheating. The results show that inmates cheat more when we exogenously render their criminal identity more salient …. This effect is specific to individuals who have a criminal identity, because an additional placebo experiment shows that …