In this paper the relationship between firm growth and external knowledge sources, such as related firms and universities, is studied. The spatial characteristics of these relationships are examined by geolocating firms into a more realistic relational space using travel time distances and using...

Research and development is no longer a headquarters function. More and more companies internationalize their ¤R& D activities. The pros and cons of this approach are discussed in this book. The organizational alternatives for inter¤national R&D as well as the consequences that they have for...

In recent years, firms have considerably decentralized their research and development (R&D) activities. Subsidiaries of foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs) are now among the top performers of R&D in many EU and non-EU countries. Specifically, MNE affiliates account for around 20% of total...