trade agreements and temporary trade barriers, such as antidumping, safeguards, and countervailing duties. Despite the … apply the World Trade Organization's global safeguards policy instrument. The four examples include recent policies applied …

world. So far, much of the debate focuses on the “political” and “real” costs and benefits of traditional knowledge rights …

This paper uses a new database to establish a key finding: high tariffs were associated with fast growth before World … controlling for novel measures of the changing world economic environment. Rejecting alternative explanations based on changing … head in a world environment characterized by a moderately higher level of generalized tariff protection. We confirm the …