In this paper, we consider the joint effects of product substitution and endogenized market size. Under the substitution effects, a product's demand may be cannibalized by other substitutable products; while the market size, measured by the number of customers who are interested in one of the...

Previous literature finds that larger downstream markets fuel the innovation of new technologies by incentivizing firms to spend more on R&D. Our evidence shows that larger markets also increase the extent of licensing-based cooperation between upstream innovators and downstream commercializers....

We analyze how demand conditions faced by a firm impacts its innovation decisions. To disentangle the direction of causality between innovation and demand conditions, we construct a firm-level export demand shock which responds to aggregate conditions in a firm's export destinations but is...

This paper empirically characterizes competitive behavior among charitable nonprofits where prices and output are difficult to observe. Using a model tailored to donative nonprofits and an empirical methodology that exploits cross-sectional variation in market size and various measurable...

A salient feature of the current globalization is a loss of manufacturing in developed countries and rapid industrialization in middle-sized developing countries. This paper aims to construct a simple three-country trade and geography model with different market sizes and endogenous wage rates....

This paper analyzes the welfare implications of information aggregation in a security-trading model where traders have both idiosyncratic endowment risk and asymmetric information about security payoffs. In the model a large market can be welfare-reducing --- i.e., the optimal market size is...

The aim of this paper is an investigation on the role of demand upon innovation. Despite the decades-long debate on demand and innovation, theory still lacks an analytical formulation. This paper proposes a model where demand is conceived as a peculiar blend of two conditions, market size, and...

Recent literature notes that when quality is produced with fixed costs, a high quality firm can undercut its rival's prices and may find it profitable to invest more in quality as market size grows large. As a result, a market can remain concentrated even as it grows large. When quality is...