A wave of local anti-immigration laws has swept the country, triggering contentious debate and raising significant legal and policy issues. Approximately 150 such laws were enacted between 2005 and 2008 though many of these laws are being challenged in the courts. One critical dimension that has...

In this paper I evaluate the effects of a regional experiment that reduced payroll taxes by 3–6 percentage points of the firms' wage sum in northern and eastern Finland. I estimate the effect of the payroll tax reduction on firms' employment levels, wage sum and profits, and on workers' hourly...

International migration of people is a momentous and complex phenomenon. Research on its causes and consequences, requires sufficient data. While some datasets are available, the nature of migration complicates their scientific use. Virtually no existing dataset captures international migration...

In this paper we evaluate the effects of a regional experiment that reduced payroll-taxes by 3-6 percentage points for three years in Northern Finland. We match each firm in the target region with a similar firm in a comparison region and estimate the effect of the payroll-tax reduction by...

United States Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts describes the American judiciary as the envy of other constitutional democracies. But in one respect, the judiciary apparently trails others: judicial pay. Citing higher salaries of judges in other countries, Chief Justice Roberts and...

In this paper we estimate the causal effect of lowering the public income transfers administered to newly arrived refugee immigrants in Denmark - the so-called starthelp - using a competing risk mixed proportional hazard framework. The two competing risks are exit to job and exit out of the...

This paper compares the employment status and earnings of veterans and nonveterans following their receipt of public workforce development services in Washington State during the years 2002–2012. It also describes workforce program participation patterns for veterans and nonveterans to...

This report, based primarily on open-ended interviews with 40 people living in Essex affected by the 2012 UK Welfare Reform Act, analyses the financial, subjective and social effects of Welfare Reform on those participants. Almost all participants were affected by having to pay the Spare Room...

This is a conceptual paper. The author contends that business model evolves out of economic and political philosophy prevailing in the contemporary times. This paper presents a summary of evolution of the present business model based on the economic and political ideologies, identifies the...