When measuring income inequality over long periods of time, accounting for population and productivity growth is … income growth than the standard measure. We apply these measures to long-term income data from the United States and find … that the U-shaped inequality trend over the past century holds up, but with important qualifications. Using measures that …

Is there a tradeoff between raising growth and reducing inequality and poverty? This paper reviews the theoretical and … empirical literature on the complex links between growth, inequality, and poverty, with causation going in both directions. The … evidence suggests that growth can be effective in reducing poverty, but its impact on inequality is ambiguous and depends on …