Commentary submitted to the OECD on the OECD's Discussion Draft on BEPS Action Items 8-10 - Guidance on Profit Splits. My comments focus on value chains and value chain analysis, allocation keys in profit splits, and problems inherent in the method of calculating the residual profit split method

The 135 member countries in the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on BEPS are considering the adoption of a global minimum corporate income tax for taxing multinationals as part of the Pillar Two (GloBE) proposals for taxing the digital economy. This article provides a detailed analysis of the global...

To evaluate the “marginalization thesis” which posits that marginalized populations are more likely to engage in the undeclared economy, a 2013 Eurobarometer survey of six South-East European countries is analysed. Finding that some marginalized populations (e.g., those having difficulties...

Informal employment has been variously explained as resulting from: economic under-development and a lack of modernisation (modernisation theory); high taxes and state interference in the free market (neo-liberal theory) or inadequate levels of state intervention to protect citizens (political...

This article evaluates critically the competing explanations for informal sector entrepreneurship that read such endeavours to result from either ‘exclusion' from state benefits and the circuits of the modern economy or the voluntary ‘exit' of workers from formal institutions. Reporting...

Drawing inspiration from institutional theory, a small sub-stream of literature has proposed that participation in the informal economy arises from the lack of alignment of a society's formal institutions (i.e. its codified laws and regulations) with its informal institutions (i.e. the norms,...

This article seeks to explain the cross-national variations in the tendency of employers to underdeclared salaries by paying formal employees an undeclared (‘envelope') wage in addition to their official declared salary. Analysing the prevalence, size and nature of envelope wage payments...

This paper evaluates how the undeclared economy is being tackled in FYR Macedonia. Reporting the findings on the extent and nature of the undeclared economy in this country, FYR Macedonia is shown to have the largest undeclared economy of all European countries and such work is prevalent across...

The aim of this paper is to map the spatial variations in the size of the shadow economy within Brussels. Reporting data provided by the National Bank of Belgium on the deposit of high denomination banknotes across bank branches in the 19 municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region, the...