in the previous literature based on U.S. data - we find that the pooled government spending multiplier is small: below 0 ….2. This estimate, however, masks substantial heterogeneity: the debtfinanced spending multiplier is larger and can be well … above 1 if monetary policy is accommodative. The multiplier is especially large in recessions and when the government …

multiplier far below one. However, the stimulus ́multiplier strongly depends on the assumed monetary policy response. Based on …