We consider a downstream oligopoly model with one dominant and several fringe retailers, who purchase a manufacturing product from a monopoly supplier. We then examine how the supplier's outside option influences the relation between the dominant retailer's bargaining power and the equilibrium...

By the 2008 Pricing of Pasta decision the Italian Competition Authority (ICA) condemned 26 pasta makers and two industry associations for carrying out price-fixing practices in the market for durum semolina pasta. In order to establish the cartel, the ICA relied on economic evidence indicating...

We present a simple model where the growth of one downstream firm generates lower wholesale prices for this firm but higher wholesale prices for its competitors (the waterbed effect). We derive conditions for when, even though firms compete in strategic complements, this harms consumers. This is...