Informality has important implications for productivity, economic growth, and the inequality of income. In recent years, the extent of informal employment has increased in many of Mexico's states, though highly heterogeneously. The substantial differences across states in terms of informal...

Empirical studies use the total area as a measure of land factor. This measure is flawed as it ignores the effectiveness of that total area. We develop an estimator of effective area based on spatial population distribution. The empirical application for the OECD countries highlights the...

In this paper, we explore the importance of accounting for climate when determining the impact of weather on product sales. Using a France-wide scanner panel dataset provided by our industry partner, we show that if climate is not accounted for, product categories may be misclassified as being...

In this paper, we explore the importance of accounting for climate when determining the impact of weather on product sales. Using a France-wide scanner panel data set we show that if one does not account for climate, then product categories may be misclassified as being weather sensitive when...

This paper studies the location pattern of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Mexico for the period 1994-2004. An empirical gravity type model is specified based on recent FDI theories and empirical papers. It is then estimated using state-level data by FDI source country. An extended...

The paper investigates the role of firm-level productivity and industry-level R&D for MNEs' choice of undertaking FDI, and the share of ownership in foreign affiliates. Two firm-specific datasets on German MNEs with varying equity stakes in Indian affiliates are used to account for the two-step...