forced to reduce some fixed percentage of emissions at home? Can carbon sinks reduce costs? Will people adopt new energy …

innovation? (2) Under which innovation process model are the costs considered? (3) What benefits are available? and (4) What … until the costs, benefits and competencies for innovation are considered integratively, and mapped onto innovation stages … understood. This study aims at addressing this gap by scrutinizing four questions: (1) What costs need to be considered in …

in U.S. refugee admissions starting in 2017 costs the overall U.S. economy today over $9.1 billion per year ($30,962 per … missing refugee per year, on average) and costs public coffers at all levels of government over $2.0 billion per year ($6 … during the same period likewise carry ongoing costs in the billions of dollars per year. These estimates imply that barriers …

the macroeconomic benefits and costs of higher capital requirements. Consistent with the Basel Committee's original … optimal level of capital requirements—where marginal benefits equal marginal costs—is likely either similar to, or … assessment, this paper finds that the net macroeconomic benefits of capital requirements are positive over a wide range of …

This study assesses possible costs and benefits resulting from Brazil's accession into the World Trade Organization … transparency in procurement processes and consequent gains in efficiency in the public sector. There would certainly be costs … costs, in terms of loss of employment and welfare in the Brazilian economy, resulting from the entry into the GPA, could be …