Virtual currencies are a contemporary form of private money. Thanks to their technological properties, their global transaction networks are relatively safe, transparent, and fast. This gives them good prospects for further development. However, they remain unlikely to challenge the dominant...

The relationship between private and public money has shaped the economic and legal debate over money for centuries. Private money can either compete with or complement public money and this depends on the applicable law and the relative powers of the State and private parties. The rise of...

This work investigates whether several types of blockchains could fall under the scope of application of the database-directive (DBD). It starts with a technical chapter which explains blockchain-technology in order to provide the reader with the necessary background information. Two...