Reliable estimates of the effects of violence on economic outcomes are scarce. We exploit the manyfold increase in … exploit within-municipality variations. We find that the impact of violence on housing prices is borne entirely by the poor …

There are few reliable estimates of the effects of violence on economic outcomes. This study exploits the manifold … prices and homicides and exploits within- municipality variation, the study finds that the burden of violence affects only …

violence. To understand why, this article offers a theory about criminal governance in five types of criminal regimes …