Bovenberg, A Lans; Nijman, Theo E - C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers - 2015
withdrawal of employers and external insurers as risk bearers of systematic financial and longevity risks. Partly because of … heterogeneous individuals. Moreover, unlike variable annuities, PPRs allow investment risks to be combined with longevity insurance … without giving rise to high year-on-year volatility in consumption streams or opaque and rigid valuation and smoothing rules …