characteristics of the young offenders. The juvenile punishment experiment was initially conducted in certain criminal courts only and …

research, we document an important source of heterogeneity in the impact of incarceration on recidivism. Incarceration creates … lasting reductions in recidivism among first offenders but not repeat offenders. We present suggestive evidence that these … reductions among first offenders primarily reflect outcomes for offenders who live in lower-crime areas of the city and are not …

-offender recidivism. We use extensive state administrative data on individual criminal histories spanning the 2010-2012 Massachusetts …This paper examines how changes in employers' access to job applicants' criminal histories affect ex … Criminal Offender Record Information (CORI) Reform, widely regarded as landmark legislation governing access to individuals …