. -- gender ; competition ; incentives ; GRE ; high stakes ; low stakes ; test score gap …

included information about mathematics and reading scores and student demographics such as gender, race, and SES. Teacher …

We extend the analysis of early-emerging gender differences in academic achievement to include both (objective) test … favoring girls, and that the misalignment of grades and test scores can be linked to gender differences in non … strongest evidence of a gender gap appearing among whites. However, boys in all racial categories across all subject areas are …

We examine the distribution of household consumption, income and savings from 2019 through the end of 2020 using the … consumption are different than those for income, particularly in the upper part of the distribution. Liquid assets increase in the … upper half of the distribution, consistent with the divergence between the upper half of the income and consumption …