The purpose of this study is to estimate the effects of Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) on Sudan trade balance (TB). The present situation is confusing for all in Sudan with discrepancies in market effective foreign currencies and government declared prices. For example, one US$ in the...

Effective service marketing is a complex activity that involves many different strategies, skills, tasks and activities. Customers perceive services in terms of quality of the service and how satisfied they are overall with their experiences. It will be easier for the marketers if they know what...

A Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is used to model the VIX (the Cboe Volatility Index). A 4- state Gaussian mixture is fitted to the VIX price history from 1990 to 2022. Using a growing window of training data, the price of the S&P500 is predicted and two trading algorithms are presented, based on the...

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between savings and investment. The results reveal that there is unidirectional causality from savings to investment. From variance decomposition method, we observe that with a lag of three periods, change in savings effects 85% of...

Consumers’ time allocation decisions among various activities are fundamental to marketing research and consumer behavior. We construct a dynamic panel data model to examine how consumers allocate time to a portfolio of leisure activities over time. Our data comprise a longitudinal panel where...

OCB ordinarily alludes to practices that decidedly affect the association or its individuals (Poncheri, 2006). OCB can be influenced by imparting in workers an impression of skill in their activity undertakings (Todd, 2003). Bateman and Organ (1983) proposed a noteworthy and solid connection...

Service Quality is a blend of two words, Service and Quality where we discover accentuation on the accessibility of value services to definitive users. RSQS scale has been used for identifying the discriminant service quality factors differentiating the consumer perception of high end apparel...

Adäquation (älterer Ausdruck: Korrespondenz) meint ganz allgemein die Übereinstimmung einer Aussage mit dem Sachverhalt. In den Wirtschaftswissenschaften geht es speziell um die statistische Adäquation von Daten und Variablen mit dem Ziel einer Minimierung des "Abstands" (der sog....

The first ever explicit formulation of the concept of an option's probability density functions has been introduced in our publications “Breakthrough in Understanding Derivatives and Option Based Hedging - Marginal and Joint Probability Density Functions of Vanilla Options - True Value-at-Risk...

• The first ever explicit formulation of the concept of an option's probability density functions has been introduced in our publications "Breakthrough in Understanding Derivatives and Option Based Hedging - Marginal and Joint Probability Density Functions of Vanilla Options -- True...