Objectives To investigate whether the size of the workforce (nurses, doctors and support staff) has an impact on the survival chances of critically ill patients both in the intensive care unit (ICU) and in the hospital. Background Investigations of intensive care outcomes suggest that some of...

There has been a radical transformation in the provision of adult residential and nursing home care in England over the past four decades. Up to the 1980s, over 80% of adult residential care was provided by the public sector, but today public sector facilities account for only 8% of the...

A major finding of a symposium held in Abu Dhabi in 1979 by the Stanford Research Institute was that the major challenge in the Gulf States in the 1980s would be a lack of managerial talent. This factor is now exercising the thoughts of many commercial, industrial and financial enterprises and...

We review research on organizations to highlight prevailing and emerging conceptions for embeddedness. An integrated framework that considers the sources, mechanisms, outcomes, and strategic implications of embeddedness is presented. Also, promising research directions for embeddedness...

By framing the economics versus environment debate as a mixed-motive situation, opportunities become visible that allow greater benefits to all interests in the debate. Yet, social, cultural, and institutional arrangements frame how these interests see these opportunities, creating a barrier to...

In their introduction of 'Debating Rationality: Non-rational Aspects of Organizational Decision Making,' editors Jennifer Halpern and Robert Stern trace the social science foundations of rationality and its research uses, stressing conceptions and applications from multiple research traditions....

The authors motivate social capital arguments at the world-system level through the analysis of world-trade flows and nation status, 1965 to 1980, with specific attention to contextual changes in global trade and stratified effects on participation in trade within it. They generate measures of...

Over the past decade, a new structuralism has begun to emerge in organizational theory. This exciting new research program draws inspiration from the social structural tradition in sociology, but extends that tradition by more broadly conceptualizing social structure as comprised of broader...

This article examines how social movements contribute to institutional change and the creation of new industries. We build on current efforts to bridge institutional and social movement perspectives in sociology and develop the concept of field frame to study how industries are shaped by social...

This paper develops the argument that institutional mechanisms support changes in organizational strategies in ways that contrast with the standard interpretation of institutional “iron cages” that pressure organizations to conform. We specify three institutional process mechanisms that...