The use of economic valuation methods to assess environmental impacts of projects and policies has grown considerably in recent years. However, environmental valuation appears to have developed independently of regulations and practice of environmental impact assessment (EIA), despite its...

Theory dictates that willingness to pay to avoid an electricity outage should be at least as high as the direct cost incurred during the outage. In a contingent valuation survey of 4,000 Norwegian households, we estimate the willingness to pay to avoid an electricity outage. We ask the same...