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The Integration Pollution and Prevention Control (IPPC) directive from the European Union implies that the regulatory … emission caps should be set in accordance with each industry’s Best Available Techniques (BAT). The directive is under … towards a BAT principle. We examine the effect of this implementation with respect to expected emission reductions and …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10004980881
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005721951
Productivity measures ignoring environmental effects may give misleading information on total productivity growth. Further, business cycles in the form of capacity utilization may also significantly influence productivity measures. In this paper, we develop an overall Malmquist productivity...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10004980620
overall productivity growth accounting for changes in emissions of COD to water is higher than the growth in the productivity … measure including conventional inputs only. We find the opposite result when including emissions of acids and climate gases to … air. This is probably due to environmental regulations with opposing effects on different emissions. A decomposition of …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10004980677
overall productivity growth accounting for changes in emissions of COD to water is higher than the growth in the productivity … measure including conventional inputs only. We find the opposite result when including emissions of acids and climate gases to … air. This is probably due to environmental regulations with opposing effects on different emissions. A decomposition of …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011968127
Productivity measures ignoring environmental effects may give misleading information on total productivity growth. Further, business cycles in the form of capacity utilization may also significantly influence productivity measures. In this paper, we develop an overall Malmquist productivity...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011968243
It is evident that corruption has infected energy policy and programs at all levels of American government, and that the state regulation of investor-owned utilities has failed to mandate activities that are in the public interest. While there are multiple examples of this, this paper focuses on...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013213198
Domestic laws are the ideal legal instrument to regulate the mining sector’s contribution to climate change mitigation and adaptation. Even so, as a stop-gap-measure, governments may consider updating model mining development agreements (MMDAs) or negotiating climate­-related contractual...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013215615
The turnover of the companies in North Savo in 2011 was nearly 10 billion euros, of which industry accounted for just under a third. The industrial structure of the region is not strong, but on the other hand it is not alarmingly thin either, because it does have certain successful niches. North...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010326901
This paper analyses the importance of scale economies by means of unbalanced plant-level panel data from three Norwegian manufacturing industries. Focus is on heterogeneous technologies, and unlike most previous work on micro data, the model description includes heterogeneity in both the scale...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10004980732