The Agreement on Trade Related Aspects on Intellectual Property Rights, 1995, has introduced several mandatory changes to patent protection on pharmaceuticals that can affect health care and delivery in developing countries. The potential detrimental impacts of such IPR protection raise three...

The study identifies and analyses the factors that influenced the adoption of new technologies in SMEs. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have been used as proxy of new technologies. The findings of the study suggest that industry-specific characteristics such as skill- and...

This paper argues that the notion of interdependence between technologies and institutions which Dalum, Johnson, Lundvall (in Lundvall ed,. 1992) incorporate in the national system of innovation (NSI) approach is valid not only on the national level, but also on all levels of social...

This paper analyses the poverty traps problem of Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries and their dependence on a few primary export commodities in their trade relationships with the rest of the world. We argue that traditional approaches to development and industrialization have failed to take...

This paper develops implications of National Innovation Systems (NIS) from the perspective of developing countries. A review of the development of NIS in the OECD context reveals that the notion of national innovation systems is a synthesis made at the national and other societal levels, of the...

Our data concerning the whole Finnish company population from the years 2003-2008 suggest that the impacts of business subsidies on employment growth differ more between high-growth start-ups and other firms than between start-ups and over five years old incumbents. All subsidies seem to relate...

Effective climate policy requires global emissions of greenhouse gases to be cut drastically, which in energy sectors can be achieved by lower emissions supply technologies, greater energy use efficiency, and substitution in demand. For policy to be efficient requires fairly uniform, pervasive...

As building-integrated photovoltaic (PV) solutions can meet around one-third of electricity demand in Germany and China, both countries are interested in exploring this potential. PV technologies have demonstrated significant price reductions, but large-scale global application of PV requires...