Several measures of vulnerability to poverty have been suggested in the literature. In practise, only little is known about the robustness of vulnerability comparisons based on these often quite specific measures. The theory of stochastic orders can be applied to shed some light on such issues....

This research is intent to determining: (a) the effect of welfare distribution with applied importtariff of the government revenue, consumer expenditures, producer revenues, and efficiency losses(in production, in consumption and net effect), and (b) the level of competitiveness of cane sugarin...