Metal extraction and smelting cause considerable impacts on the environment. Consumption-based impact accounting highlights the responsibility of metal-consuming industries for the impacts and may drive a system-wide improvement in the structure of related supply chains. To drive the...

The changes in the food supply over a period of almost 50 years in the three biggest economies in Asia were examined to estimate the change in the virtual phosphorus requirements in each country over time with regard to food consumption. While the overall food supply in the rapidly growing...

A general analytical model of materials flow analysis (MFA) incorporating physical waste input-output is proposed that is fully consistent with the mass balance principle. Exploiting the triangular nature of the matrix of input coefficients, which is obtained by rearranging the ordering of...

This paper is concerned with the main activities of Japan's 'Disclosure of CO2 emissions' programme, aimed at illustrating the CO2 emissions associated with consumer products as a 'carbon footprint' (CF). Although the current, provisional guidelines for calculating product carbon footprints...

Biomass based oxygenated fuels have been identified as possible replacement of fossil fuel due to pollutant emission reduction and decrease in over-reliance on fossil fuel energy. In this study, 4v% water-containing ethanol was mixed with (65–90%) diesel using (5–30%) biodiesel (BD) and 1v%...

This paper considers how extractive industries can play a more constructive role in the development trajectories of small-island states despite a negative legacy of extraction. We consider the case of Nauru, a small Pacific island nation which historically had some of the world's finest...