Credit unions are social economy entities that have an important contribution to preventing financial and social exclusion in Romania. Historically, we can speak about credit unions in Romania from XVIII century in Transylvania, until present. These social economy entities have been a...

Job creation by cooperatives and other social economy organizations requires an open spirit towards new forms of co-operatives, the doctrine call hybrids. In Portugal, public interest cooperatives is since 1984 a hybrid form made possible by the constitutional statement that a cooperative sector...

This paper presents the definitional discourse on the Polish social economy organizations and social enterprises in the milieu of academic experts and practitioners, analyzes their competitive advantages, identifies major challenges and barriers and provides some key recommendations on how...

Social entrepreneurship is constituted of various market initiatives aimed at balancing the economic objective achieved with the so-called social goals. These initiatives are both top-down (e.g. non-for-profit companies established as a result of public-private partnerships), mixed (e.g. student...

This article contains main trends, assumptions and thesis about the social economy in Poland, which the author agree with. The main goal of it, is to bring together fundamental facts depicting the situation of the social economy in Poland (in theory and in practice) with the conditions that must...