Many studies focus on inventory systems to analyze different real-world situations. This paper considers a two-echelon supply chain that includes one warehouse and one retailer with stochastic demand and an up-to-level policy. The retailer’s lead time includes the transportation time from the...

In this paper, several seller-buyer supply chain models are proposed which incorporate both cost factors as well as elements of competition and cooperation between seller and buyer. We assume that unit marketing expenditure and unit price charged by the buyer influence the demand of the product...

A seller-buyer supply chain represents a network consisting of a seller who wholesales a product to a buyer, who in turn retails it to the consumer. Most seller-buyer supply chains are modeled by non-cooperative and cooperative games under a deterministic and symmetric information pattern. Under...

A warranty is a service contract between a manufacturer and a customer which plays a vital role in many businesses and legal transactions. In this paper, various three-level service contracts will be presented among the following three participants; a manufacturer, an agent, and a customer. In...