In this paper, we will discuss the urban road network improvement problem from both supply and demand sides, and propose a bilevel programming model considering joint optimal link-based tradable credit charging scheme and road capacity improvement. The upper level decision-maker tries to...

With the approach of introducing the conceptions of mental account and mental budgeting into the process of travelers’ route choice, we try to identify why the usages of tolled roads are often overestimated. Assuming that every traveler sets a mental account for his/her travel to keep track of...

We construct a multi-stage cell lineage model including self-renewal, apoptosis, cell movement and the symmetrical/asymmetrical division of stem cell. The cell populations can be described by coupled reaction-diffusion partial differential equations, and the propagating wavefront speeds can be...

Pear is the third largest cash crop in China and an important income source for many smallholders; however, high input pear production has high environmental impacts and low economic benefit. Maximising economic benefits while minimising environmental impact is an acceptable strategy for both...