-name pharmaceutical companies and generic-drug manufacturers, the latter of which challenge the monopoly status of patent-protected drugs …’s monopoly position. I conclude that horizontal shareholdings facilitate coordination between brand-name patent holders and …

monopoly status of patent-protected drugs. Institutional horizontal shareholdings --- the generic shareholders' ownership in … be the first patent challengers. The findings suggest commonly owned incumbent and competitors coordinate in response to …

Patent holders frequently attempt to mitigate the loss of monopoly power by authorizing generic entry prior to patent … expiry (early entry). Competition in off-patent pharmaceutical markets may be adversely affected if early entry substantially … impairs the attractiveness of subsequent market entry. I examine generic entry decisions made in the course of recent patent …