This paper extends the joint product model of military alliances to apply to the new strategic doctrine adopted by NATO in the 1990s. In particular, a choice must be made between protecting one's own territory and pooling forces for an alliancewide rapid reaction force. This new model accounts...

A standard result in the theory of production under price risk is that if forward cover is available, production is determined in terms of the known, quoted forward or futures price, rather than expectations of future prices. In practice, however, primary production often involves joint or...

This article presents alternative estimates for the demand for UN and non-UN peacekeeping. Generally, three-way fixed-effects models, which account for the country, year, and conflict region, provide the best estimates. The demand for UN peacekeeping is primarily influenced by the contributions...

The main objective of this study was to analyze the recent international trade database developed by the OECD, WTO and Unctad, which took into account the perspective of value added, unlike other bases that considers the gross data. From the initial focus of the service chain, it was found that...

The main objective of this study was to analyze the recent international trade database developed by the OECD, WTO and Unctad, which took into account the perspective of value added, unlike other bases that considers the gross data. From the initial focus of the service chain, it was found that...