Stringency provides a global method for finite sample test comparison which is intuitive and provide sharp and clear cut answers. In contrast, typical methods yield inconclusive results because each test has some areas of weaknesses and strengths. This paper illustrates and explains the method...

This paper generalizes the approach of Zhou, van den Akker, Werker (2019), which was designed to derive semiparametric power envelope and construct efficient rank-based tests for the univariate unit root testing problem. The generalization is threefold. First, it becomes a unified method...

Healthcare spending (total) in the United States (US) is the highest in the world. As state governments are a vital driver of healthcare implementation and as healthcare policy responses in containing healthcare expenses vary among states based on the underlying state-level factors, it is...

We prove that a subtle but substantial bias exists in a standard measure of the conditional dependence of present outcomes on streaks of past outcomes in sequential data. The magnitude of this novel form of selection bias generally decreases as the sequence gets longer, but increases in streak...

A substantial body of research on the UK's National Minimum Wage (NMW) has concluded that the the NMW has not had a detrimental effect on employment. This research has directly influenced, through the Low Pay Commission, the conduct of policy, including the subsequent introduction of the...

This paper provides a finite-sample comparison of two existing tests of moment inequalities and an improvement over one of the procedures. We show the “two-step” recentering approach of Romano, Shaikh, and Wolf [2014] rejects whenever a moment selection approach of Chernozukov, Chetverikov,...

This paper shows how a great philosopher, like Popper, can easily fall back to a common superstitious person. This paper also criticizes the general practice by statisticians to invent ad hoc method or manipulate data to suppress errors. Instead, this paper promotes the Xenophanes spirit of...

In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in sample estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation...

Belief in the hot hand -- positive momentum in performance -- has often been quickly dismissed as fallacious since the canonical, and highly influential, hot hand fallacy paper was written over 30 years ago. For better or worse, subsequent research has often focused on hot hand performance...