Adequately sustaining lifetime income is a critical portfolio objective for retired investors. This article provides a … brief review of various retirement income modeling approaches including historical back testing, Monte Carlo simulations …

, especially if taxes and income support are included, in many countries in the developing world and the US. A focus on inequality …

that foreign aid has not had a significant effect on income, based on evidence from panel data potentially covering 131 …-integrated regressions is not a suitable empirical strategy for estimating the causal effect of aid on income. Given the nature of the … positive and statistically significant long-run effect of aid on income …

Food Stamps represent nearly $11 billion of personal income in the United States. The coupons that are issued to … stabilizer (whether they increase consumption more than does ordinary income). The results, based on estimates for 1959 … Money" is included in an Appendix. Estimates of consumption functions indicate that the MPC out of income in the form of …

, the higher the individual earnings, buying power, income level and standard of living is, which also results into a …