All countries have had defining moments which have brought about important transformations in their economies and societies. These turning points, which may be triggered by wars, new technologies and markets, or crises, require new policies and reforms to help countries adapt to the fresh...

This open access handbook, Ten Crises systematically traces the economic history of China from 1949 to 2020, unravelling the complex domestic and global factors leading to the cyclical crises identified by WEN and his research team, and examining the corresponding counteracting policies and...

Chapter 1: The First Crisis 1949-1950 -- Chapter 2: The Second to Fourth Crises 1958-1976 -- Chapter 3: The Fifth to Seventh Crises 1978-1996 -- Chapter 4: The Eighth and Ninth Crises 1997 and 2008 -- Chapter 5: The Tenth Crisis 2013-the present.