the reaction of politically connected firms and those without such connections. The paper focuses on Iran due to (1) its …

reaction of politically connected firms and those without such connections. The paper focuses on Iran due to (1) its sizable …

unexpected and unprecedented international economic sanctions on Iran in 2012 and estimate the short-run effects of the change in …

.S. and EU trade sanctions against Iran due to Iran’s nuclear program. Empirical analysis shows that the sanctions cut Iranian … presence in the domestic market, transferring sanction shocks to non-exporting firms. At the same time, importing firms …

Enterprises (MSMEs) survival strategies during the international sanctions against Iran. Using data from a questionnaire of 486 …

carbon emissions. This study investigates the impact of sanctions on Iran's energy efficiency across different industrial sub …

This study aims to simulate the future trends of carbon emissions under different international sanction scenarios in … Iran. A System Dynamics (SD) model is developed and several variables that capture multiple levels of economic, social, and … environmental concepts are taken into account. Our findings indicate that, despite Iran's sluggish economic growth, fossil fuel use …

Wide-ranging US sanctions against Iran in the past decade were in large part imposed to harm the living standards of …, reduction in Iran's export of oil, which dealt a large negative blow to the economy, reduce household expenditures across income …

for Iran, using a weighted average of other comparable countries that mirror pre-sanction Iran, but did not experience …This study examines the impact of international economic sanctions, imposed on Iran due to its nuclear program, on the … development of the middle class. Specifically, it investigates how the middle class in Iran would have developed in the absence of …