If a 2°C-compatible pathway is to be achieved, an enormous investment gap exists and this will need to be financed both with public and private funds. Green bonds have the potential to assume a crucial role in mobilising financial funds for the low-carbon transition. First, green bonds enhance...

Wenn ein mit der 2°C-Verpflichtung kompatibler Weg erreicht werden soll, besteht eine enorme Investitionslücke, die sowohl mit öffentlichen als auch mit privaten Geldern finanziert werden muss. Grüne Anleihen haben das Potenzial, bei der Mobilisierung von Finanzmitteln für den Übergang zu...

This article presents an overview of Indo-African ties in the post-Cold War period in the context of the accelerated pace of globalization and economic reforms. It begins by taking cognizance of a few significant social realities in Africa such as the advent of democratic regimes in different...

Latin America is finally on the radar of Indian foreign policy-makers after decades of peripheral engagement with the region. While the China factor may have prompted this rethinking, India has its own pragmatic reasons to cultivate the Latin American countries. The reasons for Latin...

Palm oil production is currently the focus of contentious debate. On the one hand, it yields positive socio-economic impacts and can be a powerful engine for rural development. On the other hand, it can generate severe negative impacts regarding ecological and social sustainability....

Developing countries regularly conclude international investment agreements with the objective of attracting foreign investment. Such agreements form commitments to far-reaching international rules on investment issues, and usually allow foreign investors to sue countries for compensation in...

How and to what extent can deep preferential trade agreements (PTAs) support the upgrading of companies from developing countries within global value chains (GVCs)? This question is of increasing importance, as PTAs have become the trade instrument of choice of major trading powers, and their...

The cotton sector in different countries of sub-Saharan Africa shows different organisational models, ranging from atomistic competition to monopolistic structures. Each model differs in its type of service provision and purchase agreements offered to smallholder farmers, who are the main...

Is China joining this trend towards preferential trade and investment agreements (PTIAs) that go beyond the investment rules found in Chinese bilateral investment treaties (BITs)? In this paper I empirically analyse investment rules incorporated in Chinese PTIAs using China’s BIT practice and...

Le coton est l’une des cultures de rente les plus importantes en Afrique subsaharienne où il est presque exclusivement cultivé par de petits exploitants agricoles. On y dénombre environ 1,7 million de cotonculteurs, qui plantent du coton en rotation avec des cultures vivrières. La plupart...