This study investigates the impact of exchange rate misalignment on outward capital flight in Botswana over the period … 1980–2015. The study uses the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration and the Toda and Yamamoto … (1995) approach to Granger causality. Botswana's currency misalignment was caused by current account imbalances. The most …

over- and undervaluation of the local currency and explain the accompanying economic policies and/or factors leading to … witnessed a recent phase of overvaluation, which began in 2009, until the free float of the local currency in November 2016 …, after which, the Egyptian pound was found to have experienced a new phase of undervaluation till the end of the period …

. A recently modified fractional cointegration framework was employed, taking care of smooth structural breaks and … were overvalued in most of the period of this study. The period of undervaluation observed in June 2016 and April 2017 …