Institutional investors often own significant equity in firms that compete in the same product market. These "common owners" may have an incentive to coordinate the actions of firms that would otherwise be competing rivals, leading to anti-competitive pricing. This paper uses data on airline...

Institutions often own equity in multiple firms that compete in the same product market. These institutional ``common owners" may induce or mandate anti-competitive pricing behavior among the product market rivals. This paper evaluates prior evidence of such behavior between competing airlines....

The influential paper by Azar et al. (2018) presents empirical evidence from the airline industry that institutional investors who own shares in firms that are product-market rivals leads to anti-competitive behavior and higher prices. Dennis et al. (2022) refute this contention and show using a...

The rapid growth in index funds and significant consolidation in the asset-management industry over the past few decades has led to higher levels of common ownership and increased attention on the topic by academic researchers. A consensus has yet to emerge from the literature regarding the...

Anonymous trading is the norm in today's financial markets but there are a few exceptions. We study one such case, the OMX Nordic Exchanges (Stockholm, Helsinki, Copenhagen, and Reykjavik) that have traditionally been more transparent than most other markets. On June 2, 2008 OMX Nordic switched...