The Prudential Regulation Authority's (PRA's) secondary competition objective requires the PRA to act, where possible, in a way that facilitates effective competition when making policies to advance its primary objectives of safety and soundness, and policyholder protection. This article...

This article analyses the competition impact of the implementation of two recent regulatory reforms aimed at boosting competition in retail banking by reducing consumer search and switching costs and empowering different business models whereby non-bank operators are able to compete with banks...

For the use of price-matching algorithms to facilitate exploitative price coordination the common adoption by all rival online-sellers may be required. At the same time, this common course of conduct may be justified by the need to reduce the risk of being undercut and so being unable to recover...

In the United Kingdom as well as Europe there is a lot of momentum behind proposals to mandate the sharing of credit data for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) more widely than is currently the case. Such information sharing would facilitate greater competition among lenders by making it...

With two recent preliminary rulings regarding the interpretation to be given to a consumer contract term that allows the supplier in a contract of indeterminate duration unilaterally to alter the tariffs, the European Court of Justice has imposed an acceleration on the enforcement of EU rules...

As appears in this case decided in the UK, refusal to supply cases are subject to a trade-off between short-term benefits from increased competitive rivalry and long-term detriment from reduced incentives to invest in innovation. To frame an alleged abuse of dominance as an exclusionary conduct...

The existence or perspective of a tacit collusion is taken into account in the appraisal of concentrations but there remains critiques against interventions against them on an ex post basis (Article 102 TFEU). These critiques can be addressed by proposing an economic test based on a comparison...

This article critically reviews the 2013 preliminary judgment by the Court of Justice of the European Union in Case C-435/11 (CHS Tour Services/Team4 Travel), which focussed on the correct interpretation to be given to Art 6 UCPD