Increasingly, in regional agreements, large economies, e.g. U.S. and E.U., offer lower trade barriers in exchange for cooperation by small economies in environmental, intellectual property and other issues. What is the effect of such agreements on multilateral trade liberalization? We show that,...

International investment law is one vehicle that neoliberalism has harnessed to facilitate deregulation, privatisation and competition in ways that more democratic spaces would ostensibly not permit. It is naïve to think that mega-regional agreements like CETA and their investor protection...

The aim of this paper is to explore the political dimensions of investment arbitration. What drives the structures and rules of this institution of private-transnational dispute settlement? To define political dimensions and develop the basis of a political explanation of investment arbitration,...