The distinct historical and cultural experiences of American blacks and whites may influence whether members of those groups perceive a particular exchange as fair. We investigate racial differences in fairness standards using preferences for equal treatment in the ultimatum game, where...

The paper aims at defining the role of intentions for reciprocity. The ultimatum game is modified, by adding a kind of randomizer (Chinese Whisperʺ), to generate outcomes which are not intended und thus to separate the proposers’ initial intentions from their actual offers. The mechanism...