of theoretical and practical implications should be in place for second language writers, and in what ways it can be …

We model political contestation over school language policy, within linguistic communities where weak property rights … property rights protection might exacerbate such language conflicts, even as they reduce the chances of persisting with …

The essay gives an overview of how language planning and language policy can be motivated and analyzed by economic … methods. It is discussed what type of value language-related goods possess and what type of goods they are. Properties like … degrees of rivalry, exclusion, and shielding and how they can justify language planning are treated. A cost-benefit approach …