This paper examines the impact of both bank- and market-based financial development on economic growth in South Africa during the period from 1980 to 2012. Unlike some previous studies, the current study employs means-removed average to construct both bank- and market-based financial development...

The role of fiscal austerity has been questioned for centuries, but a rapidly increasing deficit along with the financial crisis in 2007 / 2008 influenced a renewed debate on the economics of austerity. This paper analyzes the role of austerity versus the role of economic growth. It also...

This paper applies the most recently developed autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) co-integration procedure to re-investigate co-integration and the causal relationship between energy consumption and real GDP within a multivariate framework that includes capital stock and labor input for...