Managing and applying penalties has become a critical issue for Cloud Computing. In this paper, the authors investigate this issue and present the most frequently used definitions of service level agreements (SLA) penalty functions. They identify the characteristics of these functions by...

This article describes how the landscape of higher education in Morocco has undergone several changes in its organization; hence universities are called upon to strengthen their modes of governance by using new technologies as communication management devices. At the same time, and in a national...