of terrorism, as well as internal and external conflict is equivalent to as much as a 30 percent tariff on trade. This is …

This paper analyses the fiscal effects of armed conflict and terrorism on low- and middle-income countries. An analysis … estimates are consistent with the hypothesis that conflict and terrorism have a significant negative impact on growth through … conflict and terrorism. …

; globalization and its effect on the net supply of terrorism; open markets and the likelihood of war and domestic insecurity; the …

terrorism, but also face increased risk of asset loss and institutional mistrust due to rampant corruption. Second, fear of …