particular emphasis on discussions related to agro-food products. It thereby aims to provide background information on TBT … analysed, and agro-food related TBT issues that might warrant further investigation with respect to their trade and economic …

International harmonization of standards and regulations is often a goal expressed in trade agreements because it is … protectionism, with differences in standards and regulations seen as non-tariff barriers. While protectionism may well be the source … standards, switching costs, proprietary technologies. The article concludes that proposals for international harmonization need …

assurance scheme (QAS) were decided as responses by fruit and vegetable producers to market conditions, separating certification … implementation of QMS and binary probit for the choice of QAS. It is found that the buyers' demand for certification and the efforts … can lead to the diffusion of certification. Because the absence of information provision and the controls exerted by …

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the scope for international private standards to play a role in reducing … the risk distribution. Certification also correlates negatively with risk-reduction for technologically advanced firms, as …

functions. The training and qualification program requires the analyst to analyze known and blind'' standards. Statistical tests …

Standards-based certification organizations (SBCOs) as a source of market order have been largely neglected as a topic …: An Inductive Case Study of Standards-Based Certification Organizations in the U.S. Organic Food Industry,? employs …, ?Certifying the Harvest: The Role of Standards-Based Certification Organizations in Market Entry and Exit Dynamics,? examines how …

' choice of a dominant source for acquiring information and the knowledge about standards. The questionnaire survey research … source for gaining knowledge about standards. Domestic SMEs shape their decisions to hire consultants predominantly because … of a negative perception of standards. The usage of customer inputs as a dominant source for gaining information and …