embankmentslides, and one tsunami. Some of these earthquakes caused considerable damage tobuildings with unreinforced masonry elements …

appreciably less damage from earthquakes than surface structures. However, it has been reported that many tunnels were damaged by … of the 2004 Mid Niigata Prefecture Earthquake are the study objects. The damage patterns are analyzed, and the … tunnel damage has also been assessed using GIS and Hayashi’s quantification theory II. The field investigation is in close …

A wide range of scales and indices are used to describe natural hazards and theirimpacts. Some scales infer damage … levels from hazard characteristics while othersuse damage levels to estimate a physical characteristic. Damage scales may … relyon raw dollar values, percent loss estimates, damage states, normalized values ormacrodamage categories. Whatever the …

enterprise and the costs of risk management, reduced by the amount of expected damage after the implementation of risk management …

nowcasting, and for post-disaster damage assessment. We focus on Fiji and on its agriculture sector, and on tropical cyclones … be used for both nowcasting and post-disaster damage assessments. …