Environmental protection and energy efficiency are important topics for sea port management, which is characterized by … long-term investments. To assess the environmental impact of port equipment, we investigate different equipment types with … fossil, hybrid and electric drive technologies, in cooperation with our project partner Hamburg Port Consulting (HPC). An …

Comprehensive studies on the impact of market access on port efficiency are scarce, and the problem that market access … Data for measuring port efficiency, and further develops the methodology for panel data and proposes an instrumental … variable extension for dealing with endogenous market access indicators. Second, it advances the empirical port literature by …