We re-characterize American slavery as inefficient, whereby emancipation generated substantial aggregate economic gains. Coercive labor markets were severely distorted, with the social marginal cost of labor substantially above its marginal benefit. Production during enslavement came at immense...

This is a replication study of Cook et al.(2023), a paper that investigates the determinants of access to nondiscriminatory public accommodations for African-Americans before the 1964 Civil Rights Act. They utilize the Negro Motorist Green Books and World War II casualty data to examine the...