This study conducts the first analysis of the influence of private communication on earnings management. Results show that private communication can curb earnings management; the constraining effect of private communication on earnings management is greater when the number of external...

Problem Definition: Many firms have recently allowed consumer engagement in their sustainable packaging program, where consumers can contribute to reducing the environmental impact via packaging-free purchase. In this paper, we develop a stylized model to study the impacts of consumer engagement...

We study how to manage commodity risks (price and volume) via procurement and financial hedging for a value-at-risk (VaR) risk-averse newsvendor. Facing stochastic procurement cost from the commodity market, the firm decides on its financial hedging strategy contingent on the procurement cost...

Since the development of the Internet, thousands of manufacturers have been referring consumers visiting their websites to some or all of their retailers. Through a model with one manufacturer and two heterogeneous retailers, we investigate whether it is an equilibrium for the manufacturer to...