Purpose: The paper proposes a new workforce effectiveness metric that is a sophisticated evolution of a pre-existing overall labour effectiveness (OLE) indicator. The KPI, named revised OLE (ROLE), provides a structured methodology to measure in a holistic way the losses relating to labour,...

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present a structured framework whose objectives are to identify, analyse and eliminate fashion-luxury supply chains inefficiencies. Design/methodology/approach: A Lean Manufacturing tool, the 5-Whys Analysis, has been used to find out the root causes...