This article analyses and discusses the update of the European Market Infrastructures Regulation (EMIR) as a consequence of the 2021-2023 energy crisis. More specifically, this article focuses on the modification of the margin requirements of central counterparties and more specifically on the...

Because of the excessive prices and volatility in the energy derivatives markets over the period 2021-2023 margin calls increased considerably leading to major European energy companies experiencing liquidity stress in meeting their margin calls. As a consequence, several local governments...

This article analyses and discusses the impact of the 201-2023 energy crisis, as a consequence of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, on commodity derivatives trading law in Europe. More specifically, as a consequence of futures prices being elevated and highly volatile, regulators imposed on...

Settlement fails, where the seller does not deliver the securities or the buyer does not deliver the cash on the intended settlement date, have been substantial over the last few years. This article is the first to combine and discuss the measures to prevent settlement fails put forward by...